OCR A2 Psychology: Johansson et al. (1978) – Social psychological and neuroendocrine stress reactions in highly mechanised work

Psychology: Johansson et al. 1978

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Quiz on Johansson's study in the "Causes of Stress" topic Social psychological and neuroendocrine stress reactions in highly mechanised work

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Question 1

Johansson's study used 24 participants, split into 2 groups. How many participants were in each group?

A	6 "high-risk" 18 "repair and maintenance"
B	12 "high-risk" 12 "repair and maintenance"
C	14 "high-risk" 10 "repair and maintenance"
D	10 "high-risk" 14 "repair and maintenance"

Question 1 Explanation:

Johansson's study used 24 participants. 14 "high-risk" workers and 10 "repair and maintenance" workers.

Question 2

What was the mean age of Johansson's participants?

A	37.3
B	36.8
C	40.2
D	38.4

Question 2 Explanation:

The mean age of Johansson's participants was 38.4, at the time of the study.

Question 3

What methodology did Johansson use?

A	Correlational study
B	Laboratory experiment
C	Quasi-experiment

Question 3 Explanation:

Johansson used a quasi-experiment; the independent variable—whether a worker was "high-risk" or "repair and maintenance"—was not manipulated.

Question 4

What design was used in this study?

A	Independent
B	Correlation
C	Repeated

Question 4 Explanation:

Johansson's study used an independent design; workers were each only working in one of the two groups.

Question 5

Measures were taken once at the start of the day, and 4 more times throughout the day. What were these measures?

A	Use of narcotics
B	Urine tests (adrenaline levels)
C	Body temperature
D	Self-ratings of mood and alertness
E	Consumption of fluoxetine
F	Consumption of caffeine and tobacco
G	Consumption of Alcohol

Question 5 Explanation:

The measures were: Urine tests (for adrenaline levels), body temperature, self-ratings of mood and alertness (self-report), consumption of caffeine and tobacco (self-report).

Question 6

Baseline measurements for each of the 4 measures were taken once at the start of the day, and 4 times throughout the day...

A	on a day spent at home, at the same times as measures were taken on a working day.
B	on a day spent at a theme park, at the same times as measures were taken on a working day.
C	on a day spent receiving electrotherapy, at the same times as measures were taken on a working day.

Question 6 Explanation:

Baseline measurements were taken on a day spent at home, where workers were asked to 'stay up' as if they were at work.

Question 7

What was found from the first urine samples of the day? (choose two)

A	A strong, positive correlation between "High-risk" worker adrenaline levels and time spent on the rollercoaster
B	Psychological stress symptoms correlated positively with frequency of hassles
C	"High-risk" worker adrenaline was 2x the baseline
D	"High-risk" worker adrenaline continued to rise throughout the working day

Question 7 Explanation:

The adrenaline of "high-risk" workers was 2x the baseline (measure taken at home), and continued to rise throughout the day.

Question 8

What was found from the self-report measures? (choose two)

A	"High-risk" workers felt more rushed and irritated than the "repair and maintenance" workers
B	The "High-risk" group reported feeling positive throughout the working day
C	Consumption of caffeine and tobacco correlated with total time spent on roller-coasters at a theme park
D	"Repair and maintenance" workers reported their well-being as higher than the "high-risk" workers

Question 8 Explanation:

The "high-risk" workers reported low well-being, and reported feeling more rushed and irritated than the "repair and maintenance" workers.

Question 9

What did Johansson conclude from this study?

A	The "repair and maintenance" staff spent too much time on roller-coasters.
B	As a predictor of psychological symptoms of stress, the "Hassles and Uplifts" scale is more powerful than the "Major Life Events" scale
C	The "actual control" group showed less GST reaction, suggesting the ability to terminate aversive stimuli reduces stress impact
D	Repetitive, highly-mechanised work demanding attention to detail contributed to higher stress in the "high-risk" group

Question 9 Explanation:

Johansson concluded that repetitive, highly-mechanised work—demanding attention to detail—contributed to higher stress in the group of high-risk workers.

Question 10

Johansson's study was a quasi-experiment, conducted in the field. This means that Johansson's study is high in...

A	Ethnocentrism
B	Usefulness
C	Quantitative Data
D	Ecological Validity

Question 10 Explanation:

Johansson's study is high in ecological validity because it was a quasi-experiment, conducted in the field.

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Andrew Pover

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